Liquids and Solids free essay sample

It is useful for you to know the boiling and melting point of a substance so that you can know if the substance is a pure form or if it has any additional chemicals added to it. B. How would you determine the melting of a substance whose melting point is higher than 100Â °C? Another substance other than water in the beaker would have to be used to see melting point that would be higher than 100 ? C such as glycerol or silicon oil. C. What would be the effect of increasing the amount of crystals in the capillary tube? *There would be no difference if the amount of crystals were in the capillary tube because the melting point is still at the same temperature. D. List sources of error and explain how they would affect your end results. My sources of error were not logging the temperature at the exact time that the last bubble came out and the exact time the chemical melted. We will write a custom essay sample on Liquids and Solids or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That affected my ended results by being slightly off then what the actual melting point of boiling point actually were. Conclusion: In conclusion today I learned how to determine the melting point of a substance and how to determine the boiling point of a liquid using the capillary tube which I found very fascinating. I also learned the importance of know the melting point and boiling point of a substance.

Environmentalists say Down with the WTO essays

Environmentalists say Down with the WTO essays Environmentalists say "Down with the WTO" "Trade is the ally of working people, not their enemy," WTO Director-General Mike Moore told trade union representatives. "As living standards improve, so too does education, health, the environment and labor standards." That is false; the main goal of the WTO, since established in 1995 is to promote international trade. They don't care about the trade off of a safe environment. Their main concern is flourishing economies despite environmental conditions worsening. "Such actions worry environmentalists who argue the WTO favors the growth of trade over public safety." People not profits need to be WTO's top priority. We are striving to get across the importance of environmental safety over free trade. Us environmentalists want them to listen and take action to insure the safety of people and the environment. Environmentalist met in Seattle to peacefully convey our safety concerns. We want the WTO to understand that we are not against the international organization, we only want to be assured that the environment will not be compromised for free trade. Daniel Seligman of the Sierra Club said it's not trade and the globalized economy that upsets environmentalists, but "the way that World Trade Organization rules work to promote trade." Their main concern should be to enforce and control safety of people and the environment in the following areas: clean water, clean air, flourishing forests, naturally grown (organic) vegetable, healthy animals without injections, and no sweat shops. The WTO needs to allow countries to ban countries export because of unsafe environment practices. "The WTO aim s to eliminate what they are calling non-tariff trade barriers," Seligman told CNN. "And a lot of those trade barriers are actually hard-won environmental and food safety protections." According to ABC news online, "Countries have already proposed another 150 items they want negotiated, includi...

Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Markting - Essay Example without his own father, he is often conflicted and this conflict that he faces leads to the death of his guardian, Uncle Ben and when he confronts the alter ego, Green Goblin, who is the embodiment of evil as well as the father of his best friend. Though he manages to kill Goblin, when his friend Harry arrives on the scene, he has to hide the fact about Goblin’s true identity as Harry’s father. Spiderman walks away from the scene with the words of Uncle Ben, â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility† echoing in his ears. Thus, the conflict that is portrayed in the movie is about how with power comes a responsibility to make sense of the complex world and wield power in a responsible manner. This is applicable to the project of American expansion abroad where the US and its government have to confront evil as well as behave with responsibility. The movie was a record grosser and part of the success of the movie had to do with the way it sends a message to the leaders to act in a sensible manner. Power has to be wielded in the real world considering the Janus faced human nature. However, it has to be tempered with caution and prudence lest it might create more enemies in the process. This is the essential conflict facing the US in its â€Å"War on Terror†. The TV show chosen is Larry King Live and this show airs on a daily basis throughout the week on CNN. It is no exaggeration to say that Larry King is one of the most influential people in the US and this is mainly due to the appeal he has on audiences, both domestic and international. The show interviews people who have been in the news and takes us into the inner landscape of these newsmakers. Larry King probes and probes real hard. The show grossed record audiences in the run up to the Presidential election of 2008 with the appearance of the campaign teams from both sides including the candidates as well. The way in which it covered the national conventions along with the campaigns of the respective

Strategic Managemet of Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Managemet of Human Resources - Essay Example Its mission seeks to propel the organization as the global leader in innovation of the best products and services. In order to realize its full potential, Microsoft employs the best talent and its chairman Bill Gates upholds that talent utilization and innovation are essential if success is to be attained in the globally competitive environment. As such, the corporation adopts flexible and dynamic human resource strategies and policies to ensure it retains its global competitiveness, diversity and inclusion. Microsoft corporation strategic management of human resources Introduction The current business state refers to how the key functions of an organization (Microsoft); including messaging systems are currently attaining or tying to achieve the organization’s business goals. The current business state is the starting point in determining what needs to adjust in order to obtain to the desired business state. In order to propel the business to the desired levels, it is essentia l to understand the business model or models that an enterprise uses. It is also essential to evaluate the current business model and any other model that a corporation plans to implement in the future. Businesses usually look at projects of major impacts like Microsoft’s Exchange Server 2007 infrastructure design project as an opportunity to shift their model or strategy. An enterprise also uses a major project to enhance its position in the industry or change its internal operations. The current state of the Microsoft Corporation in terms of external influences (pestle) Microsoft is making changes to its current business model, embracing radical, inventive and new thinking, assimilating other companies and technologies in its domains. Microsoft is currently pursuing yahoo to enhance its competitive merit in the search business. The corporation has also joined other companies in dominating the market for cloud computing. Cloud computing is a domain that entails a centralized storage and information processing. The shift towards cloud computing could lessen the role of desktop computers and the servers and other equipments run by numerous corporations. The current strategic approach entails diversification through acquisition of complementary businesses that could be future rivals. It also shifts its marketing focus to tangle with Google over the search engine issue. However, Google and yahoo are some of the competitors to the Microsoft’s internet explorer (IE) (Hill & Jones, 2012, p 36). Microsoft is under external influence by the government to do certain activities following a suit by the Europe union. The U.S department of justice ordered that consumers ought to have a choice on what Windows features are obligatory in any fitting of the operating system. Furthermore, Microsoft has to reveal certain facts to third party developers to make software that better fits with Windows. In terms of external business; Microsoft faces a serious threat on its monopolistic practices as other players like the IBM Corporation and the Sun Microsystems seek protection from the European Union. These complementary corporations exert external pressure on Microsoft, which sometimes results in financial costs. For instance, Microsoft was fined $613 million in 2008

Geochemistry of natural waters Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Geochemistry of natural waters - Term Paper Example However there a lot of evidence of human influence that either positively or negatively affect the whole cycle. Therefore in studying geochemistry of natural waters we will try to explain how the water cycle, the soil organic matters its importance, the behavior of some soil components and their interactions (Benites, 2005). The geological process involves a series of actions where hot molten material coming to the earth’s surface from the interior forms igneous rocks which are then broken down by weathering to create soil and the sedimentary rocks. The geologic cycle is a collective term used to describe complex interactions between component sub-cycles of the tectonic, hydrologic and biological cycling of elements. These sub-cycles will influence each other and in the end result to natural hazards and other processes which may be important to the environmental geology e. g ground water flow. Soil Chemistry and soil fertility Soil Chemistry Soil being the top layer of the ear th’s crust supports the growth of some organic matter and is made up of components such as pH, nutrient level plus the organic content which in the end determines the type of the soil (Regina, 2006). However the factors listed above will either vary depending on the type of crop which grows in that soil type and within a given geographic location. These factors will result to different soil quality types and the soil quality can be best determined by conducting soil test. Soil can be modified to suit other purposes such as farming. This can be done in several ways such as liming. This is the use of lime powder that will be spread on the soil to alter the pH of the soil. This is made possible because of the presence of Calcitic limestone (CaCo3) (Tan, 2011). This is usually a good source of Calcium and neutralizes the soil acidity. For plants survival there are nutrients to facilitate the growth the three most important being Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen which can be obtained i n large quantities from the atmosphere and water surrounding the plant that is ground water. Therefore the ground water plays a big role in the whole cycle. Soil chemistry began with early observations by experimenters. The first study was by J. Thomas. With time came to prove that, it is indeed true that soils can retain cations in exchange for equal amount of Calcium (Ca2+) ions (Tan, 2011). Soil Fertility With the term soil fertility we refer to that situation where a given type of soil is very rich in nutrients such as potassium nitrogen and phosphorous which are requirements for plant nutrition. With it also would be sufficient minerals and soil organic matter (Cuevas, 1994). The mineral traces are majorly for plant nutrition while the organic matter helps to improve the soil structure and enable the soil retain more moisture. Fertile soils have a good soil structure, facilitating proper drainage. However some soils are known to be wetter and retain more water content than othe rs. Soil formation in itself is a very long process and can take up to 100-10000 years for a single inch to be formed. This can be attributed to several factors such as climate, topography living organisms and most important is the parent material. The parent material result from the breakdown of rocks or from the deposits by

Role of the Midwife as an Educator

Role of the Midwife as an Educator The researcher has used the terms â€Å"tutor† and â€Å"midwife† in an interchangeable format. Midwifery is about far more than delivering babies. The skills that a midwife needs to carry out her job successfully are legion. In this essay we shall specifically consider the role of the midwife as an educator, and her ability to impart information successfully to a group in a planned parenting session. In order to do this successfully it is obviously important for the midwife (or tutor) to appreciate how adults learn optimally in a different way from children. In this essay we shall explore both the theoretical and practical principles which underpin the delivery of a successful course for prospective parents. We shall also consider the importance of course evaluation in the construction and presentation of future courses. It is important to appreciate that adults learn optimally in a different way to children. The dichotomy is often refered to as pedagogy and andragogy. The fundamental difference between the two is that pedagogy is essentially the process whereby the tutor instructs the students and andragogy is the process which involves more of an interaction between the two, with the tutor guiding the students. (Cervero, R. M et al 1999) In the prospective parenting classes clearly the group are likely to be mainly young adults (the researcher states that they are making a number of assumptions here) and an alternative name for andragogy is experiential learning. This involves the tutor drawing out various experiences that the group, collectively, have had and using them as a basis for discussion and communal learning. (Donaldson, J. F et al. 2000) One could reasonably assume that the participants in the group have not had previous direct experience of parenting, but this does not preclude this method of teaching in this circumstance. They certainly will have observed friends, family and others bringing up their children and of course will have their own experiences with their own upbringing which will have formed a number of their opinions, expectations and values. These can usefully be explored and brought out in discussion for the whole group to use as a learning experience. It is likely that a typical group will include participants from different social backgrounds, ethnic groups and classes. This is also a valuable asset which can be exploited for the benefit of all. Specific examples could be the breast feeding and weaning habits of different ethnic communities and how they differ from what is currently considered to be best practice. Clearly this type of learning is quite different from that which could be used for children (pedagogy) who have very little life experience to draw on. (Johnson-Bailey, J et al 1997) Obviously the midwife will have their own professional learning and agenda together with a vast wealth of practical experience. This should ideally be presented in a sensitive but authoritative way, so that the group can have the opportunity to discuss, evaluate and adopt those elements that they collectively feel are or value and importance to themselves. (Ross-Gordon, J. M et al 2002). Although adults will clearly need to assimilate information – as this is a basic definition of learning – they are far more amenable to techniques which involve self motivation and self-directed learning. (Sheared, V et al. 2001). In this context it is important that the midwife, in addition to simply acting as a tutor and resource, should also suggest other sources of information. Local libraries, NHS leaflets, Local Authority pamphlets and of course the Internet, are all valuable resource options that the prospective parents can access themselves. Part of the information providing responsibility incumbent on the midwife, is the generation of interest which will allow the group members to feel empowered to make further exploration of the area themselves. (EHC 1999) The concept of metacognition is also important in this area. Traditionally a midwife might expect to give a talk on various important points of parenting and the prospective parents would sit passively and absorb the elements that they felt were important to them. The talk would finish and the group would disperse. Metacognition is the ability of the student to appreciate the overall context and content of what they are learning about. This is primarily a two way interaction between student and tutor. (Smith, M. C et al. 1998). If the midwife is able to establish a dialogue between herself and the group it is easier to evaluate and assess the gaps in knowledge and then to suggest strategies for filling them. Equally, it is a valid strategy to establish where the gaps are and then to encourage the student to find the information for themselves in order to bring back to the group for discussion on the next occasion. (Titmus, C 1999). When the tutor is constructing the course, if the andragogical approach is chosen as the most appropriate then they should: Encourage the group members to participate and put forward their own life experiences as much as possible in order to utilise them as exploratory and discussion tools for the group as a whole. Demonstrate to the group how their collective life experiences can be adapted and utilised within the framework of the current discussion (after Merriam, S. B et al. 1999). This is a difficult topic since evaluation is ultimately the most appropriate tool to assess whether the particular course has been successful. There are basically three appropriate viewpoints of evaluation – whether the tutor feels that they have delivered the course successfully, whether the student feels that they have benefited from the course and whether an independent assessor would consider the course appropriate. (Vaske, J. M et al 2001). There is not space to fully appraise all of these eventualities, but clearly it is utterly appropriate to consider the student’s appreciation of the course, whether it fulfilled their expectations and needs together with an assessment of the various areas where they felt that the learning experience was either good or lacking. This is clearly vital, not only from the point of view of deciding whether it is appropriate to continue delivering the course as a public service, but possibly more importantly, to provide feedback to the tutor on just how their delivery was perceived and received. There is obviously no value in presenting a course which is neither appreciated nor useful to the recipients (Tice, E. T et al 1997). Conclusions It is clear that the presentation of a successful adult-orientated course is not just a matter of chance and an informed professional standing up and presenting a series of facts. It is obviously important to optimise the impact and usefulness of the effort involved with an appreciation of the theory and practice of adult learning. The involvement of the audience group, particularly with an invitation and an expectation to share and learn from their own collective experiences, is clearly an important learning tool and should be maximally exploited by the tutor. It is also important to the overall optimisation of the learning experience for the student, that the tutor should develop clear and concise learning objectives for the group and tailor the structure of the group to those objectives. Central to that process is the formulation of an appropriate learning plan, which, in this particular format does not necessarily have to be a formal written plan, but can take the form of either notes or a mentally organised format by the tutor. (Taylor, K et al 2000). Cervero, R. M., and Wilson, A. L. 1999 Beyond Learner-Centred Practice: Adult Education, Power, and Society. Journal for the Study of Adult Education 13, no. 2 (November 1999): 27-38. Donaldson, J. F.; Flannery, D. D.; and Ross-Gordon, J. M. 2000 A Triangulated Study Comparing Adult College Students Perceptions of Effective Teaching with Those of Traditional Students. Continuing Higher Education Review 57, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 147-165. EHC 1999 Effective Health Care. Getting evidence into practice. York: University of York, 1999. Johnson-Bailey, J., and Cervero, R. M. 1997 Beyond Facilitation in Adult Education: Power Dynamics in Teaching and Learning Practices. In Crossing Borders, Breaking Boundaries. Proceedings of the 27th Annual SCUTREA Conference, edited by P. Armstrong et al. London: Birkbeck College, 1997. (ED 409 438) Merriam, S. B., and Caffarella, R. S. 1999 Learning in Adulthood. A Comprehensive Guide. 2d ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999. Ross-Gordon, J. M., ed. 2002 Contemporary Viewpoints on Teaching Adults Effectively. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education no. 93. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Spring 2002. Sheared, V., and Sissel, P. A., eds. 2001 Making Space: Merging Theory and Practice in Adult Education. Westport, CT: Bergin Garvey, 2001. Smith, M. C., and Pourchot, T., eds. 1998 Adult Learning and Development. Perspectives from Educational Psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1998. Taylor, K.; Marienau, C.; and Fiddler, M. 2000 Developing Adult Learners. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000. Tice, E. T. 1997 Educating Adults: A Matter of Balance. Adult Learning 9, no. 1 (Fall 1997): 18-21 Titmus, C. 1999 Concepts and Practices of Education and Adult Education: Obstacles to Lifelong Education and Lifelong Learning? International Journal of Lifelong Education 18, no. 5 (September-October 1999): 343-354. Vaske, J. M. 2001 Critical Thinking in Adult Education: An Elusive Quest for a Definition of the Field. Ed.D. dissertation, Drake University, 2001. ############################################################# Word count 1,611

Essay --

R.Panda et, al (2013) Examined multimodal approach to Music Emotion Recognition (MER) problem. Collect information from different sources of audio, MIDDI and lyrics. This research was introducing a methodology for automatic creation of multimodal music emotion dataset categorization to AllMusic database, that based on emotion tags used in the MIREX mood classification task. MIDDI files and lyrics matching to a subset of achieved audio samples were collected. The dataset was classified into the same 5 emotion clusters identified in MIREX. Music Emotion Recognition (MER) research was received increased attention in recent years, the field still faces many difficulties and problems exacting on emotion detection in audio music signals. Many experiments were conducted to judge the importance of various features, sources and the effect of their combination in emotion classification. Holder Shaw and Gendall (2008) Conducted research for understanding and predicting of human behavior. Attitude is unspecified to play important role in human behavior theory that what people think and what they do. May be the most fundamental statement underlying the attitude concept was the notion that attitude in some way guide, influence, direct shape or predict actual behavior Labaw’s (1980) was offered in alternative approach to predicting the behavior in which behavioral characteristic of people’s lives from the basis of questionnaire design. Recent analyses originate that Labaw’s approach to predicting behavior was corresponding in terms of predictive ability and was greater from a survey research perspective. Labaw’s research was presented a sufficient alternative to attitudinal- based approach to predicting behavior. Byeong-Jan Han et al. (2010) E... ...ed for the automated explanation of large musical collection. Such an inquiry potential would be helpful for song collection and a range of application. Vallabha Hampiholi (2012) conducted research that past decade in the field of audio satisfied analysis for takeout variety of information was the â€Å"perceived mood† or â€Å"emotions† connected to music or audio clip. This information was really useful in applications like generating or approving the play list based on the mood of the listener. This information was really helpful in better categorization of music database. In this paper author have presented a method to classify that music not just a metadata of audio clip as well comprise the â€Å"mood† feature to help get better music organization. Example audio version of the song, the person is relaxing or chill out mood strength desire to listen to this track.

Native Americans in the United States and Thanksgiving Essay

The American image of Thanksgiving is much different from the historical facts. The American vision is a big happy celebration with many people sitting around a long, wooden table. This, sadly, is not historically accurate at all. In this essay I will explain the current American’s Thanksgiving story as well as the historically accurate version. Today, Thanksgiving in America consists of big family gatherings, plentiful food, and giving thanks. One of the more obvious differences between the current Thanksgiving and the first on is the food. Today, everyone has an electric oven to bake breads, pies, and cakes. In the early American days electricity had not been invented yet. This meant that cooking meat was long, tedious, and over a fire. The early pilgrims and Native Americans had no way to bake all the foods we have today. In the earlier days, the people would hunt their food. The first Thanksgiving probably consisted of wild turkey, deer, fowl, and fish. This is very different from the big, farm-raised, store-bought turkeys that sit on our tables today. If you ask any elementary student, they will describe Thanksgiving as many happy pilgrims and Indians around a big table with plenty of food to go around. This, again, is incorrect. The Native Americans and pilgrims were quite hostile during this time. Several pilgrims had died by cause of disease and malnutrition. Many of the Native Americans had also been killed off because of Indian raids from the pilgrims. Some fragments of the current American’s story of the first Thanksgiving are correct. The famous Native American, Squanto did help the pilgrims learn how to APUSH APUSH Unit 1 Essay plant food. He was there, helping create peace between the two groups of people. The pilgrims were very thankful for Squanto and his help, as we give thanks today. The meal eaten at the first Thanksgiving was similar to the Thanksgiving meal we eat today, with few differences. They ate wild turkey, along with other hunted meat and vegetables. The differences between the American’s view of the first Thanksgiving and the historically accurate version are abundant. The pilgrims and Native Americans were very hostile toward each other at the time of the first Thanksgiving. Food was not as plentiful as it seems. There were far less people than thought at the first Thanksgiving due to disease, malnourishment, and Indian raids.

Constantinople essays

Constantinople essays Constantinople was built in 330 CE, by the first Christian emperor, Constantine. Constantinople ruled much of the deserted Roman Empire many years after Constantines death. Constantinople can be described as a Gateway City by its geographic features, the cultural influences, and the historical influences upon the rest of the world. Constantinople was positioned upon a major seaport called Byzantium. The positioning of Constantinople was at a location between major trading routes to Europe and Asia. Constantinople controlled the Bosporous Strait, which was the junction of many trading routes to Europe. (Doc. A) The trading routes came from as far as Southeast Asia to North Africa. Two centuries after Constantinople was built, emperors in Constantinople still ruled the eastern part of the old Roman Empire. They still ruled this because Constantinople was a major trade route into the eastern part, and the troops in Constantinople could reach the eastern part quickly. The move to Constantinople was very wise and very effective. Constantinople had some advantages as a crossroads, such as trade, political power, defense and for the spread of culture. (Doc. B) Nearly 300,000 people made their permanent homes in Constantinople. (Doc. C) The placement of Constantinople let the people enjoy many cultures of the world. There were only two requirements for citizenship: membership in a Christian Church and the ability to speak Greek. (Doc. C) With Constantine being a Christian, he believed that Christianity was the best religion for his city. Constantine was looking for the best for his city. Many of the structures during Constantines rule are considered architectural wonders of the world. Of those structures, the Hagia Sophia was built. The building itself has been a Christian church, a Muslim mosque, and a museum. (Doc. C) Across the street from the Hagia Sophia was the imper ...

Baritone essays

Baritone essays The baritone has a long history. It all started in the early 18th century with an instrument called the serpent. This snake-like tube was made of either wood, brass or silver, and its tuning wasn't good. It had six finger holes (valves wern't ivented yet) in the beginning, but later more were added. It was used in military bands as a marching bass, but it could also be found supporting the bass part in church choirs. Players of the serpent needed to be extraordinary musicians, because when put in less talented hands it sounded horrible. The serpent had an undistinguished life, although some people still play it today, and was replaced in 1821 by a brass instrument, produced by a French company called Halary, that was "a combination of the modern bassoon and baritone saxophone" called the ophicleide. The ophicleide used keys (instead of the finger holes of the serpent). It became popular and was made in several sizes and keys, but by the end of the century, it had almost disappeared. Around 1815, valves were invented by Heinrick Stolzel and Friedrick Blushmel. Valves improved intonation and pitch, and made almost all modern brass instruments possible. At that time, the technology was new, and it was not until 1823 that a horn similar to the euphonium was used. The 1860s and 1870s were a major time of improvement for the euphonium, beginning when Professor Phasey of Kneller Hall, England, enlarged the bore of the instrument. Soon after that, over the shoulder euphoniums began to appear, and in 1874, the compensating valve system, invented by David Blaikley, made pitch better. The 1880s brought even more variety to the baritone/euphonium scene with the addition of the large bore Kaiserbariton, and the famous double-belled euphonium of Meredith Wilsons The Music Man. Not much happened in the development of the modern euphonium between 1888 and 1921, because people had decided that there was enough variety and there was...

Project Management. Zeropain Project case Essay

Project Management. Zeropain Project case - Essay Example Acquisitions offer one of the quickest ways for a company to grow and improve performance; they also represent the largest area of risk taking. The acquisition of Teutonia Pharma AG by Alpex was a case of a ‘horizontal’ (DePamphilis, 2002, p7) acquisition where both companies were in the same line of business with the intent of finding operational synergy and an effort to diversify into higher growth products and markets. The fact that Teutonia owned a licence from CPW for the European market made it an attractive preposition for Alpex. However, Alpex paid a premium on the basis of sales projections of a product which was not even tested by the original manufacturer. Roll (1986) argues that takeover gains are overestimated, if they exist at all. Any bids made over the market price represent an error and are made on the basis of an overbearing presumption by the bidders that their valuation is correct. The entire handling of Zeropain represents an attempt to justify the acquisition. The basic rules for the testing, positioning, promotion, and launch of a product were ignored by Alpex management – to disastrous consequences. New products are the ‘lifeblood of the research-intensive pharmaceutical industry’ (Taylor et al, 2002, p106-7). Given the huge cost of development, in this case the premium paid, and limitations placed on patent protection at the time of approval for marketing, the need to bring products to market quickly is very real

Sydney Harbour Bridge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sydney Harbour Bridge - Research Paper Example With the development of techniques and craftsmanship, these engineering feats began to become more and more sophisticated and complicated, over the years from its humble beginnings of tree barks used for connecting land masses, to more sophisticated suspension, cantilever and arch bridges. These pieces of construction not only add to the visual imagery of a geographical location, but also bear testimony to the imagination, craftsmanship and engineering accomplishment of mankind, as represented by the Sydney Harbour. Introduction: â€Å"Of all the inventions, the alphabet and the printing press alone excepted, those inventions which abridge distance have done the most for the civilization of our species† Thomas B. Macaulay, 2010: 290 Bridges have historically, played a key role in the development of human civilizations. This unique piece of construction and sheer engineering marvel has contributed to the development and flourishing of human civilizations, since time immemorial. It is on account of this very reason, that bridges have been featured prominently in the development of some of the most affluent cultures and cities around the globe - including the likes of London on the river Thames, Brooklyn bridge in the city of New York; the various artistic bridges on the Seine river in the city of Paris; Howrah bridge in Kolkata etc., among many others. Not only do they add a sense of artistic imagery and beauty to the city, but also help accelerate the mobility and access to various key locations in and around the area, thus enhancing the overall vitality of the cities they are built in, ultimately contributing to the social, economical as well as cultural development (John, 2000). This paper on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, aims to discuss the various factors critical to this unique and historical piece of construction, such as the history behind its construction, the various materials used, the materials used for its construction; the various equipments use d; the availability and use of labour force used during construction; the civilizations and culture that flourished in that era etc. It also includes a brief discussion and analysis on the type of structure it would have been, if it was built in present times. The history of the Sydney Harbour Bridge: The Sydney Harbour Bridge, is one of Australia's most prominent landmarks, was open to the public on 19th March, 1932. The bridge, which is also popularly known as the â€Å"Coathanger† by the locals, is the largest (although not the longest) bridge in the world. It is not only a great engineering feat but also revered as one of the greatest economic accomplishments of the century, especially considering the fact that it was built after the world war, during the years of the Great Depression. The bridge was built using extensive labour, which included as many as 1400 men, and took almost eight years to complete (from 1925 to 1932), with an investment of six million pounds (Lalor , 2006; Sharpe, 2001; Langmead and Garnaut, 2001). It was designed by a British firm Dorman Long and Co Ltd, under the directions of Dr. J. J. C. Bradfield along with other officers of the NSW Department of Public Works. The design of this bridge was inspired by the Hell Gate Bridge in New York (Sydney Harbour Bridge, 2012). Although the construction of the bridge began in the year 1925, the foundations for the same were laid decades ago, which is evident from the various historical events that took place, as is described in the following sections. Brief Background: Events that led to the construction of the Bridge Prior to the construction of the Sydney Har