The Boston Tea Party Essay Example for Free

The Boston Tea Party Essay The Boston Tea Party was protested by American colonists. They stood up against Great Britain. In this paper i will closely examine the boston tea party. The hard-fought American Revolution against Britain (1775-1783) was the first modern war of liberation against a colonial power. The thirteen American colonies wanted to be free from rule by Great Britain. The war was resulted with the victory of this thirteen colonies, and Americans reached to the independance. American Revolution is a result of forcing American Colonies to pay more and more taxes by King of England, George III, and this will be the starting point of a new civilization. There were too many acts before the revolution get started. These are Sedicion Act, Alien Act, Quebec Act, Tea Act and Sugar Act. The most important act is Tea Act. The occurrence of the Boston Tea Party on 16 December 1773 was perhaps the most significant event in the period of disagreements between the British Government and American Colonists from 1763 to 1774. It effectively came about when Lord North decided to allow the East India Tea Company to sell tea in America through agents, rather than the traditional public auction system. For financial and political reasons, the Colonists opposed this new development and the crisis exploded at the port of Boston when 90,000 pounds of tea were thrown into the harbour. Whether justified or not, the Colonists felt the British Government were taking away their right to govern themselves. From that point until mid 1772, The Revolution was still unlikely, calmer heads had prevailed despite the undying efforts of Massachusetts native and cousin of John Adams, Samuel Adams. Sam Adams traveled throughout Massachusetts and the Colonies establishing what he called Committees of Correspondence and called for a formal separation from Britain. These Committees were designed to provide a superior communications system between the separate Colonies. Then, beginning in June 1772, a number of events took place which carried all Americans, whether they willed it or not, across the line from malcontent, to revolution, and eventual freedom. One evening in June, near the port of Providence, in Rhode Island the British schooner Gaspee grounded herself and was set upon by a group of Colonists who put ashore English crew and then burn her to the waterline. In the following months Virginia and a number of other colonies establish official Committees of Correspondence in order to keep other colonies appraised of English activities in their respective lands. In May the English passed the Tea Tax, granting a virtual monopoly to the East India Tea Company in order to bail it out of debt and thereby avoid a massive domestic economic tragedy. The tea is not only taxed higher than before, but now the East India Tea Company is able to price gouge without any threat of competition or governmental retribution. All over America, mass meetings are held in regard to what should be done about the tax. Following two meetings in Boston where Royal Governor Hutchinson orders the citizenry to pay the tea tax. On the night following the second meeting, Sam Adams an a number of his followers attacked the tea freighters in Boston harbor. Disguised as Native Americans, they overpowered the crews and threw their loads of tea into Boston harbor. This event was to become known as the Boston Tea Party. In Annapolis, Maryland a similar event occurred resulting in the burning of both ships and cargoes. (â€Å"Prelude to Revolution†The American Pageant) In response to the Boston Tea Party, an enraged parliament passed the Intolerable Acts of 1774. They were designed to punish the whole of Massachusetts, and especially Boston. Worst of all was the Boston Port Act which closed Boston harbor until the lost cargoes were paid for and order was fully restored to the city. Coinciding with the ratification of the Intolerable Acts was the passing of the Quebec Act. The Quebec Act was a skilled move by the English to appease the conquered French in Canada. It allowed them to retain their old customs, the Catholic Religion, and gain large tracts of land extending all the way south to the head of the Ohio River. In French Quebec, it was not expected that people would be able to elect legislative assemblies nor that a jury would be hired for civil cases, the British kept this aspect of the French-Canadian government and was seen by the Quebeckers as just and fair. To the Americans who valued their juries, suffrage, western lands, and often despised Catholicism, it was seen as yet another attack on them and their liberties. It seemed clear in the Colonies that the time for action had arrived. (â€Å"Prelude to Revolution† The American Pageant â€Å"The Revolutionary War†) On March 5, 1770, a mob of Bostonians harassed Red Coat guards outside a customs house and when the harassment became unbearable, a soldier opened fire and the others followed suit. This event, the Boston Massacre, inspired one of the most effective pieces of patriotic propaganda that were becoming popular in newspapers. Paul Revere created an engraving depicting that night showing how brutal the Red Coats were, although it was the colonists who instigated it. These propagandas were important because they influenced the common beliefs of what would define patriotic Americans. The Bostonians were against the new Tea Act, which put a heavy tax on tea. One night, a group called the Sons of Liberty led by such patriots as Samuel Adams, Paul Revere and John Adams, dressed up like Indians a dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. This famous night called the Boston Tea Party infuriated the British government who demanded that Massachusetts pay for the lost tea. When Massachusetts refused, Britain punished Boston with the Intolerable Acts. The ports of Boston were shut from any ships coming or going. The town meetings were forbidden. Boston was put under martial law and any soldier who misbehaved was to be sent to England to be tried because Britain thought they would not get fair trial in America. The Americans perceived this as the Englishmen getting away with their wrong doings because they were unlikely to be convicted in London. The Americans began to call George III a tyrant. The Sons of Liberty were the first to talk about separation and were the biggest threat to British sovereignty. They began to lose a respected connection with England and would rather govern themselves like Mather Byles who would prefer to be ruled by his own countrymen (black, j 1994). Within a month after Boston was shut down, Virginia contacted the other colonies to meet in Philadelphia. Five people were killed by British soldiers, and Britain’s harsh military tactics also angered the colonists, because even those who were not involved in revolutionary tactics were accused of rebelling against the British. The Boston Massacre exemplifies how British military measures backfired and allowed the colonists to gain a sense of unity in working towards a common goal of independence. Therefore, militarization was also a factor which led colonists to the outbreak of war with Britain, and help towards the dispute between the Britain and its American colonies. The boston tea party led to the so first Continental Congress. Fifty-six delegates assembled at Philadelphia and talked about the issue with Boston. The colonies gathered supplies to be sent and help relieve the citizens of Boston (Black, J 1994). This was a sign of unity and concern for their fellow colonies. During the Continental Congress, the delegates wrote another Declaration of Right and Grievances asking that all laws passed by Parliament after 1763 be repealed. George III wouldn’t even receive the document though. They also began to prepare their military by organizing their militias, gathering weapons and training men. They also established the Continental Association which would not trade with Britain. The American were uniting against there new common foe and becoming Americans (David, D 1990). In the events that led up to the revolution, a sense of unity was definitely acquired, but an American identity was not as prevalent. Although there was a strong opposition to the British government, it did not represent the entire population of the American colonies. Colonists felt the British were trying to take the power away from their colonial assemblies to govern them. They were also angry because they believed they should not be taxed simply to raise revenue for Britain. Therefore, in conclusion, I think that rhetoric of liberty and representation were the predominant issues in the dispute between Britain and American colonies, between 1763 to 1776. Who was to blaim for the boston tea party and the ensuing masacre is up for debate. However, other factors also had an important part, but all of the other factors which have been looked at above, always angered the American colonies because they felt these factors took away the colonists liberty, and felt that it wasn’t fair for Britain to have such control over them if the colonies had no representation. Works cited 1 Black,Jeremy. War For America. New York:St. Martin’s Press,1994 2 Davis,David Brion. Rvolutions. London:Harvard Universtiy Press,1990 3 The American Pageant. Prelude to Revolution 4 From Revolution to Reconstruction. Common Sense Index I. (odur. let. rug. nl/~usa/D/1776-1800/paine/CM/sense01. htm)

The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature Essay

The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature The continuing emergence of innovative writing technologies allows people to express themselves and communicate in countless different ways from years past. With these new technologies comes a change in many of our learning and social traditions. The most important change is the metamorphosis taking place in the online literary world. The line between author and reader has become blurred as more and more technology-driven literature, like hypertext fiction, has become interactive. The whole idea of authorship has changed, which in turn affects the role of the reader. In Writing Space, Jay Bolter further explores the changing roles of the author and reader in hypertextual literature. He believes the author and reader have become equal contributors to the writing process. The flexibility and interactive nature of electronic writing enables the reader to participate and choose what direction they want the writing to go (Bolter 168). Therefore, the writer and reader both participate in the writing process. The new writer/reader partnership in the writing process brings many changes. One aspect that changes along with the new writer/reader roles is the idea of having control over what is interpreted from the work. In some ways, hypertextual literature offers more control to the writer. Bolter points out that the author, through the use of hyperlinks and hypertexts, can force the reader to visit and read a specific reference or reading, thus have greater control over cross-referencing (Bolter 175). However, he also states that the computer can make the act of reading a competition between the author and reader f... ...writing and the transformations in our literary world create brand new roles for the reader and writer. Perhaps in the future the computer alone will be capable of taking on a role as an author as the idea of artificial intelligence becomes more and more developed. And even though the new roles may be hard to adapt to at first, as I found while reading â€Å"Disappearing Rain,† there is no denying that people are going to have to adjust to the new writing spaces available by changing the way they write and read. Works Cited Bolter, Jay. Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print. 2nd ed. London: Erlbaum Associates, 2001. Carter, Deena. Disappearing Rain. 16 March 2004 http://www.deenalarsen.net/rain Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of the Narrative in Cyberspace. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2001.

Bell Hooks Biography

Bell Hooks take on booty:By:Course:Professor:Date: Question 1 Bell Hooks is an acclaimed intellectual who is known for her insight and tough analysis on the black culture. In her life she has earned many titles; the contemporary feminist, cultural critic, social activist, cultural critic, artist, writer and most outstandingly pussy to booty analyst. This an alias she earned from her popular book who's pussy is this? She was born in a small segregated black community in Hopkinsville town in Kentucky in 25th September 1958. The economic and social settings were not one she could boast about as the community it was poverty ridden and the source of income was just by working for low pay at construction sites or other low paying joints. Born by Veodis Watkins and Rosa Bell Watkins, Her real name is Gloria Jean Watkins but she chose the name Bell Hooks as a tribute to her grandmother and great grandmother. She earned a scholarship to Stanford University where she did her BA, later she went for masters at University of Wisconsin in Madison and finally University of California for her PhD. In 2014 she launched the bell hooks institute at Berea College situated in Berea, Kentucky. Question 2 Apart from giving her views in her books and popular website, she does her critic and gives further insights on black stories and popular cultures in television shows, newspaper columns and lecture talks with students in universities across the country. She has written over 30 books and the most popular titles are; Aint I a woman written in 1981, this books dissects the black culture and pays critical attention to the black woman. It studies what she does and gives theories to the reasons behind her action. Her theories are believed to hold water and make a lot sense as she gives explicit examples from the Kentucky community she grew in. In 1984 she wrote feminist theory which seemed like a sequel to her previous book. Here she gave more insights and explained how the black woman is marketing herself as an effort to level her reputation with white women by advertising herself in a different way; showcasing her booty. All about love was another best selling title written in the 2000, its subtitle was; new vision. Many young blacks have a liking for it as it holds connection to their daily love life; the book explains the theory of why teenagers think of falling in love at a tender age. It is an analogy of the teenagers having a feeling that their parents or the society doesn't give them enough love and attention and they tend to supplement the love with romantic affairs. In 2004 she wrote We real cool explained the black man's culture and perception of masculinity. Her latest piece that has reader's attention is whose pussy is this; it is trending as it explains the culture and general perception of booty. Question 3 The bottom line of all her books and lectures is to educate the audience that not all they and perceive about the booty is true. Before the audience; which is mostly the youth make a decision to widen her hips or enlarge her booty she should first have a critical analysis and the implications. Her view is that black female choice to resort to booty enhancement was out of desperation to be noticed and somewhat respected like the white females; that was at the end of racism period in the 1980. She believes that youths are attached to it as they see it to represent the new pop culture, one where the booty is perceived as a sexual liberator. This claims that is backed up by media evidence as females that have big booty are mostly if not the ones that always appear on television commercials and Hooks sees is deception. The central focus in females has shifted from the vagina to her booty as its visibility is a marketing advantage. Hooks is particularly saddened by the booty highlight on kids' clothes as it will make them grow in the deceptive theory that the only way to get noticed is by highlighting the attention on the booty, she says it's a destructive direction we are pointing the children to. Question 4 I totally agree with her theories because the booty has moved from a liberator of sexuality to portraying the egoistic nature of a woman. It is very deceptive as women with big booty think that they have a natural advantage over other women, they believe that they can dictate the male that can posses the booty according to the males financial status. This trend also increases the HIV transmission rate youths as they engage in anal sex under the misconception that anal sex does not transmit HIV. REFERENCESA discussion video of Bell Hooks panel answering to students questionshttps://youtu.be/QJZ4x04CI8c

Psychological Theory In Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner

Since the dawn of Freud, psychological theory has fascinated readers and writers alike. Analyzing literature through a psychological lens can bring a whole new level of richness to virtually any story by adding to the complexity of individual characters and their relationships. The psychological theory catalyzes a more intuitive way to find motivations for characters’ actions. In his novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini makes his protagonist, Amir, seem relatable by offering an inside look at the internal struggles Amir faces as he matures amidst the all too real tragedies occurring in Afghanistan after the coup of the monarchy. Amir battles with feelings of inadequacy due to his father’s low regard for him and consequently treats his†¦show more content†¦In fact, the day Amir writes his first story, he tells his father who â€Å"†¦just look[s] at [Amir]†¦ and [doesn’t] offer to read† (Hosseini 31). Baba’s constant dismissals of Amir’s passion lead Amir to question himself and attempt to explore Baba’s interests by trying out for a soccer team. Still, Baba’s negative reactions to Amir’s efforts permeate his thinking and he describes himself as â€Å"†¦a pathetic, blundering liability to [his] own team†¦ [shambling] about the field on scraggly legs...† (Hosseini 20). As Amir matures, his self-deprecating way of thinking stays with him for many years, evolving into an inferiority complex that plagues his other relationships. By looking at Amir’s story from a psychological point of view and evaluating how the father-son relationship could be affecting Amir’s personality and decisions, it becomes easier to understand what Hosseini intended when creating his protagonist. By illustrating Amir’s struggle, Hosseini makes him more relatable. Hence, the psychological theory of literature elucidates that Amir’s challenging relationship with Ba ba yields an inferiority complex. Moreover, Amir’s inferiority complex transforms into a superiority complex around his servant, Hassan, which explains Amir’s cruel behavior. Adler asserts that inferiority complexes and superiority complexes often come in pairs. Superiority complexes occur when a person overestimates their own strengths andShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2010 Words   |  9 Pagesprocess for them. With Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner explains the prevalence of prejudice in Afghanistan between two different groups, the Hazara and Pushtons. Three psychology processes and theories are explained throughout the lines of this novel. These three theories are the authoritarian personality, the social identity theory, and how cognitive misers all intertwine for one to create complex prejudice that overtake how their mind works. These three theories are specifically displayed